The frontal lobe syndrome is a permanent personality change disorder with characteristic clinical pictures, which followed by frontal lobe damage. Clinical pictures include: Affective instability, recurrent aggressive behavior, impaired social judgment, apathy and undifferentiation or suspiciousness and paranoid ideations. According to DSM-IV classification frontal lobe syndrome named personality change due to head trauma on Axis I. Herein we report a case of 46 year- old man, who has developed behavioral disturbances following head trauma, about 10 years ago. Main clinical figures in this case are apathy, avolition and, undifferentiation. Clinical pictures are constant during these 10 years. The diagnostic approach has been based on patient’s problems history which, has took from his family, mental status examination, Neurological examination, Brain imaging and Neuropsychological assessment which related to frontal lobes function. Because of rarity & neglection due to mysterious function of frontal lobes, and also considering that personality change from previous level is prominent figure of this syndrome and also brain imaging findings, which compatible with clinical findings, with this aim, we have reported this case

More than 22% of the world's agricultural land is saline, and this trend continues to increase with climate changes. Salinity stress causes leaf color change, osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, prevents growth, photosynthesis and plant performance. Due to their size less than micron, metal nanoparticles have a great absorption and transmission power in plants. Salinity stress is a major problem in hot and dry areas under tomato cultivation. For this purpose, investigating the mutual effects of the size and type of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles on the improvement and change of growth and increasing the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants of the early urbana variety were carried out in the form of a completely randomized and factorial design with 4 replications, at a significant level of 5%. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles in 25 and 50 nm sizes, iron oxide in 25 nm sizes and sodium chloride in 0 and 75 mM levels were used. Nanoparticles and salinity treatments were both applied to the plants. The results showed that salt stress led to a decrease in plant growth parameters such as shoot and root length, leaf area, RWC, ion leakage. Also, NaCl led to an increase in the accumulation of prolin and other aldehydes, sodium, iron and zinc. The application of nanoparticles had a slight effect in stress-free conditions, but in stressed conditions, these two nanoparticles alone and especially in combination neutralized the effect of salinity and reduced the damage caused by salinity stress.

Background and objectives: Delinquency is one of the forms of social deviations and its spread endangers social life. This research was conducted to study the tendency to delinquent behaviors in teenagers with regard to dark personality traits.Method: In terms of its objectives this research is of an applied type and terms of method it is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research was all teenagers aged 13 to 17 years in Noorabad Delfan city in 2022. The sample of the research was 370 teenagers who were selected by cluster sampling method. They answered online questionnaires of dark personality (Paulos and Jones, 2011) and delinquent behaviors (Pichero et al., 2019). The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression using the simultaneous entry method using SPSS.26 software.Findings: The results of the correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the dark triad of personality and delinquency (P<0.001). The findings of multivariate regression showed that 35% of the variance of delinquency is explained by antisocial traits (psychopath), Machiavellianism and narcissism.Results: Juvenile delinquency should be considered through self-control and empathy training using evidence-based approaches in important and applied research.

Carbone capture and sequestration (CCS) is one of the most effective methods for reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Saline aquifer offers the highest level of CO2 storage. The injection of high volume gas into underground reservoirs contributes salt precipitation in the area around the injection well. Sine a high volume of CO2 has to be injected into underground reservoirs, at least 30 years, injectivity is an important phenomenon. Near wellbore salt precipitation due to evaporation leads to a reduction in injectivity. In this study, we investigated the effects of injection rate and salinity on injectivity due to salt precipitation. The results show that, by changing the injection rate and salinity, some interacting factors affect injectivity which determines ultimate injectivity. The final permeability analysis demonstrates salt precipitation decreases with injection rate while salinity has an opposite effect. The Peclet number analysis displays salt precipitation profile is affected by both injection rate and salinity, however, injection rate has a marked effect on injectivity. The results of this study were used to calibrate the permeability alteration model due to salt precipitation.

Background and Objectives In this study, we reviewed the state of knowledge of mangrove vulnerability and responses to predicted climate change impacts. It would be complex and difficult to identify response to sea level rise, increasing temperature and precipitation pattern changes. Mangrove ecosystems are expected to exhibit a synergistic response to a combination of the climatic, anthropogenic and natural impacts Methods Among all climate change impacts, relative sea-level rise may be the greatest threat to mangroves. Tidal gauge renege and the rate of sediment supply are the most important factors in mangroves forest response to the sea level rise. Results If the compensation factors like surface sediment elevation augment did not work, mangroves seaward might depredate. On the other hand, the larger tide range in an area would result the lower mangrove damage. These responses would relate to the site-specific topographic properties which could determine possibility of mangrove landward migration. Most of the mangroves responses to the impact of climate change will be site-specific, also it would be impossible to extrapolate these responses from one place to other places. Discussion and Conclusion Some of the adaptation measures in coastal areas against the climate change impacts include designing coastal defense systems such as embankments, planting and constructing mangrove forests, building flood facilities, retreating from the shoreline and managing the new shoreline, mapping risk and warnings and awareness to residents.

Agriculture, as a crucial economic and social sector in Iran, has always been significantly influenced by weather conditions, water availability, and farm management practices. Enhancing productivity and optimizing resource management in crop production are essential to achieving sustainable agricultural development and ensuring food security. This research aimed to investigate how much wheat, barley, and corn production, separately from irrigated and rainfed crops, will be affected by the severity of climatic drought (based on the CMIP6) in Iran. This research was carried out using the amount of wheat, barley, and corn production in all the provinces, which was provided by the Agricultural Jihad Organization during the years 1371 to 1402. Climate data was obtained from the NEX-GDDP database, and the De Martonne aridity index was calculated to investigate changes in aridity under climate scenarios. The results indicated that during the baseline period, the production of rainfed wheat, barley, and corn under semi-arid to very arid climatic conditions was approximately 2, 076, 434, and 15 thousand tons per year, respectively. With the intensification of arid conditions across the country, these production levels are projected to increase to 3, 333, 693, and 16 thousand tons under the SSP2 scenario and further rise to 3, 558, 842, and 16 thousand tons under the SSP5 scenario. Additionally, the production of irrigated wheat, barley, and corn in semi-arid to very arid climatic conditions during the baseline period stands at approximately 6, 240, 1, 683, and 5, 842 thousand tons, respectively. Under the SSP2 climate scenario, the production is expected to reach about 7, 126, 1, 757, and 6, 253 thousand tons, while in the SSP5 scenario, the estimated production is approximately 7, 348, 1, 780, and 6, 324 thousand tons. The findings revealed notable spatial differences in crop production across the country, highlighting that the climatic conditions, particularly in the central, southern, southeastern, and southwestern regions, are becoming increasingly arid. It is crucial to implement smart planning and policies, adopt advanced technologies, and improve the management of water and soil resources to mitigate the adverse impacts of these changes and better adapt to evolving conditions. Addressing these challenges and implementing effective measures are essential steps toward achieving sustainability in the agriculture and natural resources sectors.